Convequity on X
Guess what is a more severe bottleneck than HBM? Grid transformers, switchgear and EPC, and electrical steel, both severity 94, are more severe than HBM at 93. Those numbers come from our AI Infrastructure Bottleneck Map, an AI infrastructure supply chain map. Severity runs from 0 to 100 and measures how hard a node constrains new AI capacity in 2026 to 2028. It measures scarcity, not the size of the market. On each company we score return potential and risk, each from 1 to 10 over the same 2026 to 2028 window. Return potential is the upside still left in the company. Risk is company risk, and 10 is the riskiest. The goal is to identify the companies with high remaining return potential and relatively lower risk. Not investment advice. The five most severe nodes, and what each one is: Grid transformers, switchgear and EPC, severity 94 Medium- and high-voltage equipment, grid interconnect, and the construction services that install them. The backlog runs multiple years, and the constraint is forming through 2028. • $HTHIF Hitachi, Ltd. Return potential 6.2. Risk 1. This is the lowest risk on the list, the return potential is still high, and the grid business sits inside Hitachi rather than in a separate listing. • $POWL Powell Industries. Return potential 7.5. Risk 3.2. This is the highest return potential on the list, the risk is still moderate, and Powell sells the medium- and high-voltage equipment on this node. • $600089.SS TBEA Co., Ltd. Return potential 6.5. Risk 6.1. Return potential is high and risk is high, and TBEA builds high-voltage transformers in China. Electrical steel, severity 94 The core steel inside transformers. Supply is tight, and this constraint is also forming through 2028. • $5401.T Nippon Steel. Return potential 6.4. Risk 3.2. High return potential with relatively lower risk, from a major mill for the electrical steel that goes into transformer cores. • $005490.KS POSCO Holdings. Return potential 6. Risk 3.8. This is the holding company rather than a separate steel listing, POSCO is a major electrical-steel mill, and the return potential is lower than Nippon Steel's with higher risk. • $CLF Cleveland-Cliffs. Return potential 6.5. Risk 4.2. Return potential is high, the risk is higher than Nippon Steel's, and Cleveland-Cliffs is the only US producer of grain-oriented electrical steel, the steel in transformer cores. HBM, severity 93 High-bandwidth memory stacks, which constrain accelerator performance. Supply is extremely tight and the vendors are few. • $005930.KS Samsung Electronics. Return potential 6.5. Risk 3.5. High return potential with relatively lower risk, from one of the three companies that make HBM. • $000660.KS SK hynix. Return potential 6.5. Risk 4. SK hynix is the second of the three HBM makers, with the same return potential as Samsung and higher risk. • $MU Micron Technology. Return potential 6.5. Risk 5. Micron is the third HBM maker, with the same return potential and the highest risk of the three. Gas turbines and on-site generation, severity 88 The turbines that make prime and backup power on site, and the hot-section parts those turbines need. This is the next power constraint forming in the 2026 to 2028 window, and this node has two listed names, not three. • $HWM Howmet Aerospace. Return potential 6. Risk 2.3. High return potential with relatively lower risk, and Howmet makes the castings that large turbines wait on. • $603308.SS Anhui Yingliu Electromechanical. Return potential 7.2. Risk 7.8. Return potential is high and risk is high, and Anhui Yingliu makes castings for industrial gas turbines in China. Leading-edge foundry capacity, severity 86 Manufacturing capacity at 7 nanometers and tighter. The map calls this the main AI hardware bottleneck. • $TSM TSMC. Return potential 6.2. Risk 3.8. The scarce capacity on this node is the capacity TSMC already runs. • $INTC Intel Corporation. Return potential 7.4. Risk 6.8. Return potential is high and risk is high, and the foundry work sits inside Intel with no separate foundry listing. • $0981.HK SMIC. Return potential 6.2. Risk 6.8. SMIC, Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation on the Hong Kong line, is the third listed foundry on this node, with a higher risk than TSMC.
